Topic: CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Created By:
Jhanvi Kangle
Volunteer
Shivi Forensics
Introduction:
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) plays a crucial role in enhancing national security. Established in 1941, it investigates various crimes and ensures justice.
It operates under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. The CBI's headquarters are in New Delhi, and its motto is "Industry, Impartiality, Integrity.
The CBI investigates bribery, governmental corruption, breaches of central laws, multi-state organized crime, and international cases.
History
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was established in India in 1963 as a specialized agency tasked with investigating serious crimes, particularly those involving corruption and organized crime.
The CBI was formed in response to the growing need for a centralized and independent investigative body to tackle complex and often politically sensitive cases that were beyond the purview of local police forces.
Influence-The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was influenced by several international law enforcement agencies mainly the Scotland Yard and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Founder-The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was not founded by a single individual. It was established by the Government of India as a response to the growing need for a centralized and independent investigative agency.
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has a wide range of functions, including:
- Investigation of bribery and governmental corruption: The CBI is primarily known for its investigations into corruption cases involving government officials and public servants.
- Investigation of breaches of central laws: The CBI investigates violations of central laws that are enforceable by the Government of India.
- Investigation of multi-state organized crime: The CBI is responsible for investigating organized crime activities that span multiple states or regions within India.
- Investigation of multi-agency or international cases: The CBI may be involved in investigations that involve multiple government agencies or have international implications.
- Acting as the liaison with Interpol: The CBI serves as the Indian liaison with Interpol, an international criminal police organization.
Working Of CBI
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has a complex structure and hierarchy.
Top Level:
- Director: The Director of the CBI is the highest-ranking officer and heads the organization. They are appointed by the Government of India.
Middle Level:
- Special Directors: There are multiple Special Directors who assist the Director in overseeing different aspects of the CBI's operations.
- Joint Directors: Joint Directors are responsible for specific regions or areas of investigation.
- Deputy Directors: Deputy Directors are responsible for overseeing specific units or teams within the CBI.
Lower Level:
- Superintendent of Police: Superintendents of Police (SPs) are responsible for leading specific units or investigations.
- Inspector: Inspectors are the primary investigators and gather evidence in cases.
- Sub-Inspector: Sub-Inspectors assist Inspectors in investigations and other duties.
- Constable: Constables are the lowest-ranking officers and perform various support roles.
Specialized Units:
- Economic Offences Wing (EOW): This unit investigates economic crimes such as fraud, corruption, and tax evasion.
- Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB): This unit focuses on investigating corruption cases involving government officials.
- Central Forensic Laboratory (CFL): This laboratory provides forensic expertise to the CBI and other law enforcement agencies.
Powers Of CBI
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has a wide range of powers granted by various laws and regulations.
Investigative Powers:
- Power to investigate: The CBI has the power to investigate any offense under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) or any other central law.
- Power to arrest: The CBI can arrest any person suspected of committing an offense under its jurisdiction.
- Power to seize property: The CBI can seize any property that is believed to be connected to a crime.
- Power to conduct searches: The CBI can conduct searches of premises and persons suspected of being involved in criminal activity.
Legal Powers:
- Power to summon witnesses: The CBI can summon any person to appear before it for questioning or to provide evidence.
- Power to record confessions: The CBI can record confessions made by accused persons.
- Power to file chargesheets: The CBI can file chargesheets against accused persons in court.
Eligibility Criteria for Joining the CBI
- Age: Candidates must be between 21 and 30 years old at the time of application.
- Educational Qualifications: Candidates must have a bachelor's degree from a recognized university.
- Physical Fitness: Candidates must meet the physical fitness standards set by the CBI.
- Medical Fitness: Candidates must be medically fit to perform the duties of a CBI officer.
Working in the CBI
- Training: New recruits undergo rigorous training to prepare them for their roles as investigators.
- Investigations: CBI officers investigate a wide range of crimes, including corruption, organized crime, and economic offenses.
- Evidence Collection: Officers collect evidence, interview witnesses, and interrogate suspects.
- Court Appearances: CBI officers often appear in court to present evidence and testify in cases they have investigated.
- Liaison with Interpol: The CBI works closely with Interpol to investigate international crimes.
- Challenges: CBI officers face challenging and often dangerous work conditions. They may be exposed to threats, violence, and corruption.
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