Combined DNA Index System

 


Topic: Combined DNA Index System

Created By:

Vanshita Garg

Volunteer 

Shivi Forensics 


INTRODUCTION 

CODIS: The Combined DNA Index System

CODIS, the Combined DNA Index System, is a national DNA database maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the United States. It is used to link crime scenes to known offenders and to identify unidentified human remains.

History of CODIS

• 1984: DNA fingerprinting technology is developed.

• 1990: The FBI begins developing CODIS as a pilot project.

• 1992: CODIS is officially launched.

• 1994: The DNA Identification Act is passed, authorizing the FBI to establish a national DNA database.

• 1996: The National DNA Index System (NDIS) is created, linking state and local DNA databases to the FBI's database.

Function and Working of CODIS

CODIS is a powerful tool for law enforcement agencies. It works by comparing DNA profiles from crime scenes to DNA profiles from known offenders and unidentified human remains.

The process involves the following steps:

1. DNA Collection: DNA samples are collected from crime scenes, known offenders, and unidentified human remains.

2. DNA Analysis: The DNA samples are analysed in a laboratory to create a DNA profile.

3. Entry into CODIS: The DNA profiles are entered into CODIS.

4. Comparison: The DNA profiles in CODIS are compared to each other to identify matches.

5. Investigation: If a match is found, law enforcement agencies can investigate further to determine if the match is a true match.

CODIS is divided into three indexes:

Offender Index: Contains DNA profiles from known offenders.

Forensic Index: Contains DNA profiles from crime scenes.

Arrestee Index: Contains DNA profiles from individuals who have been arrested but not convicted of a crime.

Limitations of CODIS:

Incomplete Database: Not all jurisdictions have DNA databases, and not all individuals have been entered into existing databases. This can limit the effectiveness of CODIS in identifying unknown individuals.

Contamination: DNA samples can be contaminated, which can lead to inaccurate results.

Privacy Concerns: The collection and storage of DNA information raises privacy concerns, particularly regarding the potential for misuse of the data.

False Positives and Negatives: While CODIS is highly accurate, there is always a risk of false positives (matches that are not actually matches) or false negatives (missed matches).


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