Created by
Sneha Sagar
Member, Shivi Forensics
Blood Stain Pattern Analysis (BPA)
Key Sections:
1. Introduction:
- BPA is a forensic discipline applying physics, biology, and math to interpret bloodstain patterns at crime scenes.
- Helps reconstruct events, determine what happened, and corroborate or refute witness statements.
2. Formation of Bloodstains:
- Details factors like viscosity, leakage, surface tension, cohesion, drop shape, growth, detachment, gravity’s effect, in-air shape, impact, and surface type (smooth vs. rough).
3. Measuring the Bloodstains:
- Explains calculating the angle of impact using trigonometry:
sin(x) = width of bloodstain / length of bloodstain.
4. Associated Terms:
- Defines terms such as origin/source, angle of impact, parent drop, satellite spatters, and spines.
5. Factors Affecting Blood Spatter:
- Includes height, angle, direction, surface type, velocity, and drop size influencing stain patterns.
6. Types of Bloodstain Patterns (BSP):
- Passive Stains: Formed by gravity (e.g., pools).
- Transfer Stains: Contact between bloody surfaces (e.g., handprints).
- Projected Stains: Result from force (e.g., gunshot).
7. Conclusion:
- BPA aids in determining origin, height, handedness, movement of victims/assailants, and other critical information for crime scene reconstruction.
Visuals:
- Diagrams show bloodstain shapes at various angles and a formula for angle calculation.
- Illustrations depict direction of bloodstains and impacts.
This infographic serves as an educational overview of BPA techniques used in forensic investigations.
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