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Introduction
1. The Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) is a wing of the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs, which fulfills the forensic requirements in the country.
2. There are seven central forensic laboratories in India, at Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chandigarh, New Delhi, Guwahati, Bhopal and Pune.
3. The only CFSL New Delhi was under the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). It was established in the year 1966 and the functioning was started in the year 1968.
4. The other Six CFSL was under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
5. The first Central Forensic Science Laboratory was established at Calcutta during 1957.
6. CFSL Kolkata (the oldest laboratory in India) in biological sciences.
7. The Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Hyderabad or popularly known as CFSL, Hyderabad, was established in the Year 1967.
8. CFSL Hyderabad is a center of excellence in chemical sciences.
9. The Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Chandigarh started as CID Scientific Section, in 1933, under the Police Department of United Punjab in Lahore.
10. CFSL Chandigarh in physical sciences.
11. Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) formerly known as Central Forensic Institute) was established in the year 2011 at Bhopal under the DFSS, MHA, Government of India.
12. Central Forensic Science Laboratory in Bairagarh Kalan, Bhopal is a top player in the category Forensic Laboratories in Bhopal. This well-known establishment acts as a one-stop destination servicing customers both locally and from other parts of Bhopal.
13. Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) formerly known as Central Forensic Institute) was established in the year 2011 at Pune under the DFSS, MHA, Government of India.
14. Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) formerly known as Central Forensic Institute) was established in the year 2011 at Bhopal under the DFSS, MHA, Government of India.
15. Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) formerly known as Central Forensic Institute) was established in the year 2011 at Guwahati under the DFSS, MHA, Government of India.
16. The scientists of CFSLs examine exhibits forwarded by the investigating agencies and render examination reports/opinion and substantiate in the Court of Law through court testimony. The laboratories also undertake R&D work in the grey areas of Forensic Science for the development of forensic science in the country.
17. CFSL, Chandigarh is the first forensic science laboratory in India to achieve accreditation of voice/speech analysis, audio/video tape analysis, computer crime analysis, GSR analysis, automated firearms examination, DNA testing for forensic cases, paternity cases and familial relationships.
18. The role of the CFSL is to provide forensic support in investigation of criminal and civil matters with four disciplines viz., Ballistics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
Functions of CFSL in India
CFSLs provide a wide range of forensic services and assist in the investigation of crimes by examining evidence scientifically. The core functions of CFSL in India include:
1. Crime Scene Investigation and Evidence Collection: CFSL teams assist law enforcement agencies at crime scenes to ensure the proper collection, preservation, and transportation of forensic evidence.
2. Forensic Analysis: CFSLs conducts detailed analysis of physical, chemical, biological, and digital evidence. They examine items such as blood samples, fingerprints, firearms, explosives, and digital data.
3. Expert Testimony: CFSL experts present their findings and opinions in courts of law, helping judges and juries understand complex scientific evidence.
4. Research and Development: CFSLs contributes to advancements in forensic science by conducting research in various fields. They develop new techniques and tools for analyzing evidence more efficiently and accurately.
5. Training and Capacity Building: CFSLs provides training to law enforcement personnel, judiciary members, and other stakeholders on forensic methods and technologies.
6. Consultancy Services: They offer consultancy services to other forensic science labs, police departments, and investigative agencies across India.
7. Standardization and Accreditation: CFSL ensures that forensic procedures are carried out according to national and international standards, making the results scientifically accurate and reliable.
Working of CFSL in India
1. Organizational Structure: CFSLs are managed by the Directorate of Forensic Science Services (DFSS) and have specific divisions dedicated to different branches of forensic science, including chemistry, physics, biology, DNA, toxicology, questioned documents, cyber forensics, and ballistics.
2. Laboratory Divisions:
o Biology Division: Examines biological samples like blood, hair, and tissues for DNA profiling and other biological markers.
o Chemistry and Toxicology Division: Analyzes chemical substances, poisons, drugs, and alcohol in biological specimens.
o Ballistics Division: Investigates firearms, ammunition, and tool marks.
o Cyber Forensics Division: Analyzes digital evidence from computers, phones, and other digital devices to identify cybercrime.
o Document Division: Examines forged documents, counterfeit currency, handwriting, and typewriting.
3. Processing of Cases:
o When a case is submitted, the relevant forensic division conducts the necessary analysis.
o The findings are recorded in detailed reports, which are forwarded to the investigation team or the judiciary.
o If required, the forensic expert may appear in court to provide clarification on the report.
4. Accreditation and Standards: CFSLs follows strict protocols and guidelines set by national and international forensic bodies to ensure that their results are reliable and admissible in court. Many CFSLs are accredited by agencies like the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL).
CFSLs plays a critical role in ensuring that criminal investigations in India are supported by robust scientific evidence, ensuring that justice is based on facts derived from reliable forensic techniques.
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