𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬: 𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐈𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬'.

We are pleased to announce the successful completion of our 5-day online certificate course on 'Instrumental Insights: Unveiling the Science Behind Forensic Investigations'. 

The course garnered excellent feedback from participants, who praised the comprehensive coverage of forensic techniques, engaging sessions, and expert guidance provided by Ms. Apoorva Narad. 

The course curriculum, which included chromatography, spectroscopy, microscopy, and emerging trends in forensic science, was well-received by the attendees. 

We are delighted to announce the names of the top scorers (100%) in the assessment test for our 5-Day Online Certificate Course on Instrumental Insights: Unveiling the Science Behind Forensic Investigations:

1. Saumya Gupta

2. Dhanya R

3. Sakshi Amol Suryawanshi

4. Shreya Prasad Singh

5. Shivali 

6. Mithyleash

Heartfelt congratulations to all participants for their outstanding efforts! We believe that every participant has gained valuable insights and knowledge from this course, and we're thrilled to have been a part of their learning journey. Thank you to all participants for joining us and making this course a success. We hope the session was informative, enriching, and beneficial for everyone.

We are delighted to have provided a platform for professionals and students to enhance their skills and knowledge in forensic science. Our sincere gratitude to all participants, esteemed speaker Ms. Apoorva Narad, and team members for their contributions to the course's success. We look forward to continuing to support the growth and development of the forensic community through our future initiatives.

Some Questions Based on This course:

 1) The Beer–Lambert Law states that absorbance is:  

A. Directly proportional to concentration and inversely to path length

B. Inversely proportional to both concentration and path length

C. Directly proportional to both concentration and path length

D. Independent of concentration

The Correct Answer is C. Directly proportional to both concentration and path length

  2) Which type of chromatography separates components based primarily on their differences in affinity between stationary and mobile phases?  

A. Gas chromatography

B. Adsorption chromatography

C. Partition chromatography

D. Ion-exchange chromatography

The Correct Answer is C. Partition chromatography

  3) Which detector is commonly used in mass spectrometry to detect ions?  

A. Photomultiplier tube

B. Electron multiplier

C. Fluorescence detector

D. Thermal conductivity detector

The Correct Answer is B. Electron Multiplier 

  4) Which of the following transitions corresponds to the absorption of the longest wavelength of light?  

A. π → π*

B. n → π*

C. σ → σ*

D. n → σ*

The Correct Answer is B. n → π*

  5) In thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the stationary phase is typically:  

A. Silica gel coated on a glass plate

B. Paper impregnated with water

C. Polymer beads

D. Gas

The Correct Answer is A. Silica gel coated on a glass plate

  6) In mass spectrometry, the base peak corresponds to:  

A. The molecular ion peak

B. The most abundant ion peak

C. The highest m/z peak

D. The ion with the highest mass

The Correct Answer is B. The most abundant ion peak

  7) In UV-Vis spectroscopy, a bathochromic shift indicates:   

A. Absorption at shorter wavelength

B. Decrease in molar absorptivity

C. Shift to longer wavelength

D. Shift to higher energy

The Correct Answer is C. Shift to longer wavelength

  8) In which chromatography technique is the stationary phase usually a solid adsorbent and the mobile phase a liquid?   

A. Paper chromatography

B. Thin-layer chromatography

C. Gas-liquid chromatography

D. Adsorption chromatography

The Correct Answer is D. Adsorption chromatography

  9) Which ionization method in mass spectrometry is most suitable for large biomolecules?  

A. Electron Impact (EI)

B. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)

C. Chemical Ionization (CI)

D. Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB)

The Correct Answer is B. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)

  10) Which microscopic technique uses polarized light to enhance contrast in birefringent materials?  

A. Bright-field microscopy

B. Dark-field microscopy

C. Polarized light microscopy

D. Phase-contrast microscopy

The Correct Answer is C. Polarized light microscopy

11) Which microscope provides a three-dimensional surface image of a sample?  

A. Transmission electron microscope

B. Scanning electron microscope

C. Confocal microscope

D. Bright-field microscope

The Correct Answer is B. Scanning electron microscope

  12) Which emerging technique allows forensic experts to detect minute traces of explosives on surfaces?   

A.Gas chromatography

B. Ion mobility spectrometry

C. Thin-layer chromatography

D. Mass spectrometry

The Correct Answer is B. Ion mobility spectrometry

  13) Which of the following is a major challenge in forensic application of emerging technologies?  

A. High cost and complexity

B. Lack of evidence samples

C. Unavailability of experts

D. Low sensitivity

The Correct Answer is A. High cost and complexity

  14) Which of the following radiations is used in IR spectroscopy?  

A. 400–700 nm

B. 2.5–25 μm

C. 0.01–10 nm

D. 1–100 cm

The Correct Answer is B. 2.5–25 μm

  15) Which chromatography type uses a liquid stationary phase coated on an inert solid support?  

A. Adsorption chromatography

B. Partition chromatography

C. Ion-exchange chromatography

D. Gel permeation chromatography

The Correct Answer is B. Partition chromatography

16) Which detector is commonly used in mass spectrometry to detect ions?  

A.Photomultiplier tube

B. Electron multiplier

C. Fluorescence detector

D. Thermal conductivity detector

The Correct Answer is B. Electron multiplier

  17) In forensic hair analysis, which microscopy technique is commonly used to study the cuticle pattern?  

A. Scanning electron microscopy

B. Transmission electron microscopy

C. Phase-contrast microscopy

D. Fluorescence microscopy

The Correct Answer is A. Scanning electron microscopy

  18) Dark-field microscopy is especially useful for observing  

A. Transparent specimens with little contrast

B. Fluorescently labeled samples

C. Internal structures of cells

D. Metallic surfaces

The Correct Answer is A. Transparent specimens with little contrast

  19) Which chromatography technique is best suited for separating volatile compounds?  

A. Paper chromatography

B. Gas chromatography

C. High-performance liquid chromatography

D. Thin-layer chromatography

The Correct Answer is B. Gas chromatography

  20) Which forensic technique is best suited for identifying unknown drugs in a mixture?  

A. Thin-layer chromatography

B. Mass spectrometry

C. UV-Visible spectroscopy

D. Infrared spectroscopy

The Correct Answer is B. Mass spectrometry

21) Which microscopic technique uses electrons transmitted through a thin specimen to form an image?  

A. Scanning electron microscopy

B. Transmission electron microscopy

C. Atomic force microscopy

D. Confocal microscopy

The Correct Answer is B. Transmission electron microscopy

  22) The number of signals in NMR depends on:  

A. Number of protons

B. Chemical shifts

C. Equivalent sets of protons

D. Number of peaks

The Correct Answer is C. Equivalent sets of protons

  23) In mass spectrometry, the molecular ion peak is represented by:  

A. The highest m/z peak

B. The base peak

C. The peak with highest intensity

D. The peak corresponding to unfragmented molecule

The Correct Answer is D. The peak corresponding to unfragmented molecule

  24) Which of the following functional groups shows a strong absorption near 1700 cm⁻¹ in IR spectroscopy?  

A. Alcohol

B. Amine

C. Ketone

D. Alkene

The Correct Answer is C. Ketone

  25) What is the primary principle behind ion-exchange chromatography?  

A. Differences in molecular weight

B. Differences in polarity

C. Electrostatic interactions between ions

D. Solubility differences

The Correct Answer is C. Electrostatic interactions between ions

26) Which forensic technique is best suited for identifying unknown drugs in a mixture?  

A. Thin-layer chromatography

B. Mass spectrometry

C. UV-Visible spectroscopy

D. Infrared spectroscopy

The Correct Answer is B. Mass spectrometry

  27) Which factor does not affect chemical shift in NMR?  

A. Electronegativity of neighboring atoms

B. Magnetic field strength

C. Hydrogen bonding

D. Shielding or deshielding

The Correct Answer is B. Magnetic field strength

  28) Which of the following is NOT typically used as a mobile phase in gas chromatography?  

A. Helium

B. Nitrogen

C. Methanol

D. Hydrogen

The Correct Answer is C. Methanol

  29) The resolving power of a light microscope is limited by:   

A. Wavelength of visible light

B. Numerical aperture of lenses

C. Both A and B

D. The magnification used

The Correct Answer is C. Both A and B

  30) In forensic toxicology, which instrument combines separation and identification of compounds?  

A. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

B. Infrared spectroscopy

C. Atomic absorption spectroscopy

D. UV-Visible spectroscopy

The Correct Answer is A. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

31) In mass spectrometry, what does the term ‘m/z’ represent?  

A. Mass of ion divided by charge number

B. Magnetic number of ion

C. Mass of ion multiplied by charge number

D. Molecular mass

The Correct Answer is A. Mass of ion divided by charge number

  32) In UV spectroscopy, which compound would absorb at a longer wavelength?  

A. Ethene

B. Butadiene

C. Benzene

D. Acetylene

The Correct Answer is B. Butadiene

  33) In thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the stationary phase is typically:  

A. Silica gel coated on a glass plate

B. Paper impregnated with water

C. Polymer beads

D. Gas

The Correct Answer is A. Silica gel coated on a glass plate

  34) What is the main purpose of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in forensic analysis?  

A. To increase resolution of the mass spectrometer

B. To fragment ions and obtain structural information

C. To separate mixtures before analysis

D. To ionize large biomolecules

The Correct Answer is B. To fragment ions and obtain structural information

35) In forensic science, microscopy is NOT typically used to examine:

A. Hair and fibers

B. Blood cells morphology

C. Chemical composition of unknown powders

D. Tool mark impressions

The Correct Answer is C. Chemical composition of unknown powders

  36) Which chromatography type separates molecules based on size exclusion?  

A. Ion-exchange chromatography

B. Affinity chromatography

C. Gel permeation chromatography

D. Partition chromatography

The Correct Answer is C. Gel permeation chromatography

  37) What is the main advantage of using phase-contrast microscopy?   

A. Enhanced contrast in transparent samples without staining

B. Higher magnification than electron microscopy

C. Ability to view fluorescently tagged molecules

D. 3D imaging of surface topography

The Correct Answer is A. Enhanced contrast in transparent samples without staining

  38) Retention time in gas chromatography depends on:  

A. The flow rate of mobile phase only

B. The interaction of analyte with stationary phase and mobile phase flow rate

C. Temperature only

D. The detector sensitivity

The Correct Answer is B. The interaction of analyte with stationary phase and mobile phase flow rate

  39) Which forensic technique relies on the principle of antibody-antigen binding? 

A. Gas chromatography

B. Immunoassay

C. X-ray diffraction

D. Capillary electrophoresis

The Correct Answer is B. Immunoassay

  40) What is the principle behind capillary electrophoresis used in forensic science?  

A. Separation based on molecular weight

B. Separation based on charge and size under electric field

C. Separation based on solubility differences

D. Separation based on polarity differences

The Correct Answer is B. Separation based on charge and size under electric field

41) Which of these chromatography methods involves reversible binding of molecules to a ligand on the stationary phase?  

A. Gel permeation chromatography

B. Affinity chromatography

C. Ion-exchange chromatography

D. Partition chromatography

The Correct Answer is B. Affinity chromatography

  42) Which of the following microscopes uses a laser to scan the specimen point-by-point to create high-resolution images?  

A. Confocal microscope

B. Transmission electron microscope

C. Dark-field microscope

D. Phase-contrast microscope

The Correct Answer is A. Confocal microscope

  43) Which of the following techniques is most appropriate for fiber analysis in forensics?  

A. Mass spectrometry

B. Infrared spectroscopy

C. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

D. Gas chromatography

The Correct Answer is B. Infrared spectroscopy

  44) In forensic fiber analysis, which microscope is preferred for detailed surface structure study?   

A. Bright-field microscope

B. Scanning electron microscope

C. Polarized light microscope

D. Phase-contrast microscope

The Correct Answer is B. Scanning electron microscope

  45) Which emerging forensic technique uses CRISPR technology for rapid DNA detection?   

A. STR analysis

B. CRISPR-Cas based diagnostics

C. SNP genotyping

D. RFLP analysis

The Correct Answer is B. CRISPR-Cas based diagnostics

46) In forensic case studies, which technique is gaining importance for analyzing degraded DNA samples?  

A. Mitochondrial DNA analysis

B. Y-STR analysis

C. Autosomal STR analysis

D. VNTR analysis

The Correct Answer is A. Mitochondrial DNA analysis

  47) Which case study highlighted the use of forensic genealogy to solve cold cases?  

A. O.J. Simpson trial

B. Golden State Killer case

C. JonBenét Ramsey case

D. Salem witch trials

The Correct Answer is B. Golden State Killer case

  48) What emerging technology is used for rapid fingerprint detection at crime scenes?  

A. Cyanoacrylate fuming

B. Alternate light source (ALS)

C. Laser-induced fluorescence

D. Powder dusting

The Correct Answer is C. Laser-induced fluorescence

  49) Which forensic technique has improved accuracy in determining time since death in recent case studies?  

A. Rigor mortis observation

B. Entomological analysis

C. Livor mortis analysis

D. DNA profiling

The Correct Answer is B. Entomological analysis

  50) What role does digital forensics play in modern forensic investigations?  

A. Analyzing physical evidence

B. Recovering data from electronic devices

C. Chemical analysis of toxins

D. Blood pattern analysis

The Correct Answer is B. Recovering data from electronic devices