National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS)

 

Topic: National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS)

Created By:

Amrita Kothari

Volunteer 

Shivi Forensics 

INTRODUCTION

The National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS) is a biometric system used by law enforcement agencies and government organizations in various countries to store and manage fingerprint data. NAFIS is designed to facilitate the rapid and accurate identification of individuals by comparing their fingerprints with a database of known fingerprints.

Here are some key points about NAFIS:

• Fingerprint Storage

• Identification

• Criminal Investigations

HISTORY

Establishment of NAFIS:- NAFIS was first introduced in the UK in 1995 to centralize and improve the process of fingerprint matching. This system was developed by the UK Home Office to store fingerprint data electronically and allow faster searches across a national database.The system is designed to compare a set of prints from a crime scene against millions of stored fingerprints in a matter of minutes, significantly reducing the time required to identify suspects or confirm the identity of individuals in custody.

Modern Developments: Today, NAFIS continues to evolve, integrating newer biometric techniques such as palm print recognition and collaborating with international law enforcement databases to facilitate cross-border crime investigations.

Working Of NAFIS :-

• Fingerprint Collection: 

From Crime Scene:  Prints may be latent (invisible) or visible.

During Arrest or Custody: Fingerprints are routinely taken from individuals during arrests, either through ink-based methods or live-scan devices (electronic scanners).

• Pattern Recognition: NAFIS uses algorithm-based pattern recognition technology to analyze the distinctive features of a fingerprint, such as ridges, loops, whorls, and minutiae points (specific ridge characteristics).

• Database Search and Comparison: The digitized fingerprint template is compared against millions of fingerprint records stored in the national database.The system employs advanced algorithms to rapidly search through the database, identifying potential matches based on the similarities in fingerprint patterns.

• Verification: .The expert compares the original fingerprint to the matched records manually, checking for conclusive matches or discrepancies.

• Result Reporting: Once a match is confirmed, NAFIS provides law enforcement with the identity of the individual associated with the matched fingerprint.The system can generate reports that include details about the match, the individual's criminal history, and other relevant information.

Functions of NAFIS

1. The system is used to identify individuals based on their fingerprint data, helping to confirm or establish their identity in criminal investigations.

2. NAFIS is also used for conducting background checks, especially for jobs requiring security clearance or criminal history screening.

3. The automated nature of NAFIS enables rapid matching of fingerprints, reducing the time required for manual fingerprint analysis.

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