Microscopes Common in Forensic Science

Shivi Forensics

Created By 
Praisy Samuel
Volunteer, Shivi Forensics 

Microscopes Commonly Used in Forensic Science

1. Compound Light Microscope – Basic tool for examining trace evidence such as fibers, hairs, pollen, and blood cells. Provides magnification up to ~1000× with bright‑field, dark‑field, and phase‑contrast options.

2. Stereomicroscope (Dissecting Microscope) – Offers a three‑dimensional view at lower magnification (10–100×). Ideal for sorting, manipulating, and preliminary inspection of larger items like tool marks, insects, or bone fragments.

3. Polarized Light Microscope (PLM) – Uses polarized light to reveal birefringence in materials such as minerals, glass, and synthetic fibers, aiding in identification and comparison.

4. Fluorescence Microscope– Detects naturally fluorescent or stained substances (e.g., certain drugs, inks, or biological residues). Useful for locating trace chemicals and enhancing contrast.

5. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy‑Dispersive X‑ray Spectroscopy (EDS) – Provides high‑resolution images (up to 100,000×) and elemental analysis of tiny particles, gunshot residue, tool marks, and hair morphology.

6. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) – Offers nanometer‑scale imaging of ultrastructures in fibers, paints, or biological samples; less common in routine forensic labs but valuable for specialized analyses.

7. Comparison Microscope– Combines two separate microscopes with a split‑field view, allowing simultaneous side‑by‑side comparison of two specimens (e.g., bullet striations or tool marks).

These microscopes, often used in combination, enable forensic examiners to characterize, compare, and interpret trace evidence with precision.

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